AWT Buttons

Button is an active component which is used to perform some operations such as saving the details into the database, deleting the details from the database, etc.

Creating a button is nothing but creating an object of Button class.

Button API:

Constructors:

Button (); 
Button (String);

Instance methods:

public void add ActionListener (ActionListener); 
public void remove ActionListener (ActionListener);

Write a java program to illustrate the concept of buttons?

Answer:

import java.awt.*; 
import java.awt.event.*;
class BDemo extends Frame implements ActionListener
{
    Button b1,b2,b3,b4; 
    Label l;
    BDemo ()
    {
        super ("BUTTON EXAMPLE...");// set title
        setSize (200,200);
        b1=new Button ("NORTH");
        b2=new Button ("SOUTH");
        b3=new Button ("EAST/EXIT");
        b4=new Button ("WEST");
        l=new Label ();
        l.setAlignment (Label.CENTER);
        add (b1,"North");
        add (b2,"South");
        add (b3,"East");
        add (b4,"West");
        add (l);// add at center of border layout by default
        b1.addActionListener (this);
        b2.addActionListener (this);
        b3.addActionListener (this);
        b4.addActionListener (this);
        setVisible (true);
    }
    public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent ae)
    {
        if (ae.getSource ()==b1)
        {
            System.out.println ("U HAVE CLICKED "+b1.getLabel ());
            //	String s1=b1.getLabel ();
            //	l.setText (s1);
            l.setText (b1.getLabel ());
        }
        if (ae.getSource ()==b2)
        {
            System.out.println ("U HAVE CLICKED "+b2.getLabel ());
            l.setText (b2.getLabel ());
        }
        if (ae.getSource ()==b3)
        {
            System.out.println ("U HAVE CLICKED "+b3.getLabel ());
            l.setText (b3.getLabel ());
//          System.exit (0);
        }
        if (ae.getSource ()==b4)
        {
            System.out.println ("U HAVE CLICKED "+b4.getLabel ());
            l.setText (b4.getLabel ());
        }
    }// actionPerformed
};// BDemo 
class BDemo1
{
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        new BDemo ();
    }
};

Output:

U HAVE CLICKED WEST U HAVE CLICKED SOUTH

U HAVE CLICKED EAST/EXIT U HAVE CLICKED NORTH

Steps for developing awt program:

1. Import the appropriate packages.
2. Choose the appropriate class and it must extend java.awt.Frame and implements appropriate Listener if required.
3. Identify which components we want and declare them as data members in the class.
4. Set the title for the window.
5. Set the size of the window.
6. Create the components which are identified in step 3.
7. Add the created components to container.
8. Register the events of the appropriate interactive component with appropriate Listener.
9. Make the components to be visible.
10. Define the undefined methods in the current class which is coming from appropriate Listener.

This method provides functionality to GUI component.

Rewrite the above program using applets?

Answer:

import java.applet.Applet; 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
/*<applet code="ButtonApp" height=200 width=200>
</applet>*/
public class ButtonApp extends Applet implements ActionListener
{
    Button b1, b2, b3, b4;
    Label l;
    public void init ()
    {
        setLayout (new BorderLayout ());
        b1=new Button ("North");
        b2=new Button ("East");
        b3=new Button ("West");
        b4=new Button ("South");
        l=new Label ();
        l.setAlignment (Label.CENTER);
        add (b1, "North");
        add (b2, "East");
        add (b3, "West");
        add (b4, "South");
        add (l);
    }
    public void Start ()
    {
        b1.addActionListener (this);
        b2.addActionListener (this);
        b3.addActionListener (this);
        b4.addActionListener (this);
    }
    public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent ae)
    {
        if (ae.getSource ()==b1)
        {
            l.setLabel (b1.getLabel ());
        }
        if (ae.getSource ()==b2)
        {
            l.setLabel (b2.getLabel ());
        }
        if (ae.getSource ()==b3)
        {
            l.setLabel (b3.getLabel ());
        }
        if (ae.getSource ()==b4)
        {
            l.setLabel (b4.getLabel ());
        }
    }
};

Steps for developing a FRAME application or APPLET application:

1. Import appropriate packages for GUI components (java.awt.*) providing functionality to GUI components (java.awt.event.*) and for applet development (java.applet.Applet).
2. Every user defined class must extend either Frame or Applet and it must implement appropriate Listener if required.
3. Identify which components are required to develop a GUI application.
4. Use life cycle methods (init, start, destroy) in the case of applet, use default Constructor in the case of Frame for creating the components, adding the components, registering the components, etc.
5. Set the title of the window.
6. Set the size of the window.
7. Set the layout if required.
8. Create those components which are identified.
9. Add the created components to container.
10. Every interactive component must be registered with appropriate Listener.
11. Make the components to be visible in the case of Frame only.
12. Implement or define the abstract method which is coming from appropriate Listener.